Athletic Training

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Research

Research Equipment and Facilities : Athletic Training Research Agenda : Faculty Research Interests : Current Student and Faculty Research Projects : Recent Publications
Recent Abstract Presentations : Research Grants and Awards : Research Links

Research Equipment and Facilities

The Athletic Training Program seeks to foster the value of scholarly activity and to develop students' leadership skills in the research aspects of Athletic Training. The multidisciplinary setting at Arizona School of Health Sciences, which includes physical therapy, occupational therapy, physician assistant studies, medical informatics, and audiology, promotes cross-disciplinary scholarship and provides students with exposure to a variety of different research programs. Several research spaces are available to students seeking to pursue laboratory and clinical research on and off campus.

The Arizona School of Health Sciences houses a 1,600 square foot Interdisciplinary Research Lab (IRL) with an expanded offering of research equipment and opportunities. Currently, equipment available for student research projects includes a Kistler 9286 AA Slimline Force Plate and Walkway System (Figures 1), a portable multi-component force plate for measuring ground reaction forces and moments acting in any direction and two surface EMG units, the Noraxon Myosystem 1200 4-channel and Myosystem 1400 8-channel surface EMG, for assessment of neuromuscular performance characteristics (Figure 2). A LigMaster computerized stress device is available for assessment of ankle, knee, elbow, and glenohumeral joint force-displacement characteristics was purchased. The lab is also equipped with a Cybex 330 Isokinetic Dynamometer with the HUMAC/Windows/CYBEX 300 upgrade (Figure 3), DataPac 2K2 data acquisition software, a Teton tremor box and foam blocks for balance assessment (Figures 4), an NK table (Figure 5), two treadmills, a total gym, electrogoniometers, a lower extremity perturbation device (Figure 6), and several desktop and laptop computers.

Studies measuring glenohumeral joint (Figure 7) or elbow (Figure 8) laxity and stiffness can utilize the LigMaster computerized stress device. Three-dimensional scapular kinematics can also be assessed using custom software developed by Advanced Motion Measurement (www.advancedmotionmeasurement.com) integrated with a Polhemus 3 Space Fastrak electromagnetic spatial tracking system. A clinical tool for measureiment of scapular kinematics involves a modified Saunders Baseline™ Digital Inclinometer for assessing scapular upward rotation (Figure 9).

ATSU's Mesa Campus Learning Resource Center (LRC) supports the teaching and eventual practice of students and the teaching and research of its faculty. The LRC takes advantage of electronically based information resources that have developed since the emergence of the Internet a decade ago to facilitate and support access and use evidence in support of all instruction, research, and services at the University. The LRC’s collections are a blending of print and electronic resources to bring information access into the curriculum and clinical rotations of the students.

Access to and use of the LRC’s electronic resources is facilitated through its website (on the ATSU Intranet) and its online portal (http://atsu.azhin.org). The we site provides access to the LRC’s print holding, information on services provided and copies of LRC service request forms. The portal provides access to, and facilitates use of, more than 1,000 clinically oriented electronic, full text journals, more than120 full text medical textbooks, and an array of web-based, health information-based vendors. Via the LRC’s membership in the National Network of Medical Libraries’ Docline interlibrary loan system and OCLC’s interlibrary loan system, it can rapidly borrow books and articles from more than 20,000 libraries worldwide. More than 75 percent of the articles obtained from other libraries are received digitally within three days.


Figure 1: Force Platform Walkway System.

Figure 2: Measurement of neuromuscular responses during landing.

Figure 3: Cybex Isokinetic Dynamometer	Figure 4: Balance assessment on the Teton Tremor Box.

Figure 5: NK table.	Figure 6: Lower Extremity Perturbation Device

Figure 7: LigMaster computerized stress device for assessment of glenohumeral joint laxity and stiffness.	Figure 8: LigMaster computerized stress device for assessment of valgus elbow laxity and stiffness.

Figure 9: Use of a modified digital inclinometer to objectively assess scapular upward rotation.

ASHS Athletic Training Research Agenda

The Athletic Training Program has adopted a research agenda focused on outcomes research to enable evidence-based athletic training practice. As a framework for conducting patient-oriented outcomes research, the Athletic Training Program has adopted the National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research (NCMRR) disablement model. The NCMRR has proposed the use of a disablement model as an organizing framework for supporting its research efforts. The core disablement concepts of “impairments, functional limitations, and disabilities” have become generally accepted. The NCMRR Model includes the elements of “pathophysiology, impairment, functional limitation, disability, and social limitation.” This framework is also intended to encourage and promote interdisciplinary research efforts.

Usage of this model as a philosophical guide for research also opens the door to alternate funding sources, especially at the federal level. Multiple agencies, including the National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institute of Aging, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, and the National Council on Disability support this line of investigation.

Additionally, because this model looks at all aspects of "disablement," which could range from simple disease to long-term disability, it therefore also considers the interaction of the individual and their environment when placed within a disabled state. Thus, it is very much in keeping with ATSU's theme of "Defining Whole Person Healthcare." In fact, this model very much reflects the results of any pathophysiological condition upon the "whole person" as well as their interactions with society. From this point of view, it is a very public health oriented model as well. Figure 10 represents where current faculty research interests fit into the NCMRR disablement model.

NCMRR Disablement Model
Patho- physiology	Impairment	Functional Limitation	Disability	Societal Limitation
Interruption of or interference with normal physiological and develop- mental processes or structures.	Loss and/or abnormality of cognitive, emotional, physiological, or anatomical structure or function, including all losses or abnorm- alities, not just those attributable to the initial patho-physiology.	Restriction or lack of ability to perform an action in the manner or within a range consistent with the purpose of an organ or organ system.	Inability or limitation in performing tasks, activities, and roles to levels expected within physical and social contexts.	Restriction, attributable to social policy of barriers (structural or attitudinal), which limits fulfillment of roles or denies access to services and opportunities that are associated with full participation in society.

ATSU Athletic Training Program Research
Patho- physiology	Impairment	Functional Limitation	Disability	Societal Limitation
Shoulder injury Mild head injury	Mild head injury Shoulder injury Neuro- muscular control	Mild head injury Shoulder injury Neuro- muscular control	Health-related quality of life Mild head injury Shoulder injury Pediatric sports medicine	Health-related quality of life Mild head injury Pediatric sports medicine
Figure 10. Athletic training faculty research interests fit the NCMRR disablement model.

Faculty Research Interests

Dr. Sauers' primary research interests are related to examination and rehabilitation of the athletic shoulder with specific interests in shoulder outcomes assessment, the effectiveness of interventions for treating shoulder impairment, and shoulder mobility assessment. Dr. Sauers is also interested in the study of shoulder kinematics with research aimed at quantifying normal and pathologic laxity and stiffness of the glenohumeral joint and evaluating the relationship between micro-instability, scapular dyskinesis, and posterior capsular tightness in the overhead-throwing athlete. Dr. Sauers' doctoral work revolved around the development and utilization of instrumented shoulder arthrometry for the quantification of glenohumeral joint laxity and stiffness. Currently, Dr. Sauers directs a variety of projects aimed at increasing our understanding of normal and pathologic measures at the shoulder in overhead athletes and patients with shoulder instability. Dr. Sauers is also interested in studying issues related to athletic training education in the context of health professions education and issues related to post-professional education, including specialty certification and residency education in healthcare.

Parsons' research interests include the impact of information and computer technology on medical and allied healthcare practice. His research also explores narratives and communication and activity networks within organizations and their relationship to organizational processes and dynamics

Kingma’s research interests and areas of concentration are primarily clinically oriented. She is currently working collaboratively with other faculty and community healthcare providers on several projects. She has served as a co-advisor on two projects regarding disordered eating and secondary amenorrhea. In addition, she has a clinical interest and has previously investigated increases in range of motion and the residual effects of various stretching techniques such as inhibitory proprioception neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), and the effect of various pad placements in limiting anterior tibial translation during isokinetic knee extension exercises.

Dr. Valovich McLeod’s ongoing line of research revolves around sports medicine concerns of the pediatric and female athlete, with special emphasis on sports-related mild traumatic brain injury. Dr. McLeod completed her dissertation on the use of clinical assessment tools for concussion in youth sports athletes. She has also looked at factors affecting the use of clinical concussion assessments such as practice effects and exertion and is sitting on the NATA Pronouncements Committee on the Management of Sports Related Concussions. She hopes to continue her work in this area by investigating the short- and long-term effects of pediatric sports concussion as well as recovery following concussion. Dr. McLeod also has research interests regarding gender differences in lower extremity function, specifically neuromuscular control, and postural stability. Her approach to studying the gender bias in ACL injury rates focuses on the pediatric athlete and at what point in development do these differences occur. She also has interest in an injury prevention approach with younger athletes through neuromuscular and balance training. Dr. McLeod is also involved in the development of a youth sports coaching curriculum focusing on safety, injury prevention, and positive coaching behaviors for the Dwight Patterson Sports Academy in Mesa.

Dr. Snyder’s research has primarily focused on muscle physiology, with particular emphasis on muscle injury and the associated soreness. Her interest in injured muscle led her to conduct an investigation on the short- and long- term effects of electrical muscle stimulation on markers of muscle injury. Dr. Snyder is interested in the effect of other therapeutic modalities or rehabilitation interventions on injured muscle. She has examined the biomechanics and muscle activity of the static and ballistic stretching techniques. In addition, she has investigated the effects of static, ballistic, and progressive velocity stretching techniques on performance and is interested in researching the effects of different types of warm-up programs on sport-specific performance. Recently, Dr. Snyder has transitioned from an emphasis on muscle physiology to an emphasis on clinical outcomes research. She is particularly interested in measuring the outcomes of various athletic training interventions as well as assessing the quality of life of high school and college athletes who suffer a musculoskeletal injury.

Dr. Bay teaches courses in research methodology and statistical analysis. His current areas of interest concern the relationship between patients’ illness epistemology and their subjective and objective responses to therapeutic interventions, as well as the application of structural equation modeling to medical research.

Current Student and Faculty Research Projects

Neuromuscular Control

Neuromuscular responses during anticipated and unanticipated landings in males and females
Gender differences during static and dynamic clinical balance assessments
Laxity and stiffness of the knee following a closed kinetic chain exercise bout
Neuromuscular properties of lower extremity muscles in prepubescent boys and girls during landing activities and following a single-leg weight-bearing perturbation
The effect of a core stability training program on core strength and balance in college basketball players
Balance gains in female high school basketball players following a neuromuscular training program
Comparison of muscle activation patterns of the gluteal muscles during various rehabilitation exercises
Ground reaction forces and rate of loading in high school female basketball players prior to and following an 8-week neuromuscular training program

Shoulder Injury

Quantification of glenohumeral joint laxity and stiffness in patients with documented shoulder instability
Acute and chronic adaptations in the throwing shoulder of professional baseball pitchers
Chronic adaptations in the throwing shoulder of professional baseball players
Clinical Measures of Shoulder Motion in Professional Baseball Players: A Comparison of the Dominant and Non-Dominant Shoulders in Pitchers and Position Players
The effects of a seven-month season on selected clinical measures of shoulder mobility in the professional baseball player
Reliability of a Classification Protocol for the Assessment of Scapular Motion in Patients with Shoulder Pathology
The value of selected clinical measures of shoulder mobility for predicting shoulder pathology in the professional baseball player: A prospective study
Range of motion effects of a three week PNF hold-relax facilitory protocol on glenohumeral internal rotation
A comparison of glenohumeral joint laxity and stiffness in the throwing and non-throwing shoulders of high school baseball pitchers
A comparison of ulnar collateral ligament laxity and stiffness in the throwing and non-throwing shoulders of high school baseball pitchers
Qualitative assessment and comparison of scapular kinematics between aquatic athletes with moderate and severe shoulder impingement
A comparison of three-dimensional scapular kinematics in the throwing and non-throwing shoulders of professional baseball pitchers
Impairment, functional loss, and disability in professional baseball players with shoulder and elbow pathology
The relationship between pitch count and pitch frequency and shoulder and elbow injuries in female youth softball players
Conservative vs. operative intervention for atraumatic glenohumeral instability in the overhead athlete: A systematic review
The effects of an eight-week scapular stabilization and postural exercise program on scapular kinematics in collegiate swimmers
The diagnostic value of special tests for the detection of SLAP lesions in the shoulder: a systematic review.

Mild Head Injury

A prospective investigation of concussion management practices of high school and junior college certified athletic trainers
Establishing normative on the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) in pediatric athletes
The effects of two-a-day practices on cognitive function and symptom reports in collegiate football players
A survey of mild head injury assessment and management practices of Arizona high school certified athletic trainers
Development of a handheld computer assessment protocol for sports-related concussions
Physician knowledge and management practices for sports-related concussion
Reliability of the Head-Injury Symptom Scale in pediatric athletes

Pediatric Sports Medicine

A survey of youth athletes on sports participation characteristics
A survey of the knowledge base of youth sports coaches concerning injury prevention and management
Neuromuscular properties of lower extremity muscles in prepubescent boys and girls during landing activities and following a single-leg weight-bearing perturbation

Other Areas

Assessmesnt of valgus laxity and stiffness at the elbow using computerized stress arthrometry in collegiate athletes
A survey of the current educational environments of athletic training education programs: Academic vs. health professions models

Recent Publications

Bahk M, Keyurapan E, Tasaki A, Sauers EL, and McFarland EG. Laxity testing of the shoulder: a review. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2007;35(1): In press.

Valovich McLeod TC, Barr WB, McCrea M, Guskiewicz KM. Psychometric and measurement properties of concussion assessments in youth sports. Journal of Athletic Training. [In Press]

Tommasone BA, Valovich McLeod TC. Concussion incidence in contact sports. Evidence based practice article. Journal of Athletic Training. [In Press]

Martineau C, Kingma JJ, Bank L, Valovich McLeod TC. Sport-Related Concussion Management for the Physician Assistant. Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants. [In Press]

Tweed EM, Sauers EL, Valovich McLeod TC. Evidence based practice in athletic training. (Section of: Review of Evidence Based Practice in Nursing and Allied Health Professions, Ed: Kronenfeld M, Stephenson P, Nail-Chiwetalu B.) Journal of the Medical Librarians Association. [In Press]

Medina JM, Valovich McLeod TC, Kingma JJ, Howell SK. Neuromuscular preactivity of the quadriceps and hamstrings prior to landing in high school male athletes, female athletes, and female non-athletes. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. [In Press]

Valovich McLeod TC, Schwartz CD, Bay RC. Sport-related concussion misunderstandings among youth coaches. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. [In Press]

Sauers EL, August AA, Snyder AR. The acute effects of Fauls' modified passive stretcing routine on shoulder range of motion in collegiate baseball players. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 2007; 16:1-13.

Snyder AR, Hartman A, Valovich McLeod TC. The Impact of Stretching on Sports Injury Risk and Performance. Athletic Therapy Today. 2006;11(6):66-69.

Sauers EL. Clinical evaluation of scapular dysfunction. Athletic Therapy Today. 2006;11(5):10-14.

Docherty Steele CM, Valovich McLeod TC, Shultz SJ. Postural control deficits in participants with functional ankle instability as measured by the Balance Error Scoring System. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 2006;16(3):203-208.

Crawford SD, Sauers EL. Glenohumeral joint laxity and stiffness in the functional throwing position of high school baseball pitchers. Journal of Athletic Training. 2006;41(1):36-43.

Witwer AB, Sauers EL. Clinical measures of shoulder mobility in the collegiate water polo player. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 2006;15:45-57.

Guskiewicz KM, Bruce SL, Cantu RC, Ferrara MS, Kelly JP, McCrea M, Putukian M, Valovich McLeod TC. Research based recommendations on management of sport related concussion: summary of the National Athletic Trainers' Association position statement. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2006 Jan;40(1):6-10.

Valovich McLeod TC. Proper fit and maintenance of ice hockey helmets. Athletic Therapy Today. 2005;10(6):54-57.

Valovich McLeod TC. The prediction of intracranial injury following minor head trauma in the pediatric population. Journal of Athletic Training. 2005;40(2):123-125.
1st runner up for the 2006 Journal of Athletic Training non-research manuscript award.

Shultz SJ, Windley TC, Kulas AS, Schmitz RJ, Valovich McLeod TC, Perrin DH. Low levels of anterior tibial loading enhance knee extensor reflex response characteristics. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology.2005;15(2): 61-71.

Downar JM, Sauers EL. Clinical measures of shoulder mobility in the professional baseball player. Journal of Athletic Training. 2005;40(1):23-29.

Guskiewicz KM, Bruce SL, Cantu RC, Ferrara MS, Kelly JP, McCrea M, Putukian M, Valovich McLeod TC. Recommendations on Management of Sport-related Concussion: Summary of the National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement. Neurosurgery. 2004;55(4):891-896.

Valovich McLeod TC, Perrin DH, Guskiewicz KM, Diamond R, Shultz SJ, Gansneder BM. Serial administration of clinical concussion assessments and learning effects in healthy young athletes. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 2004;14(5):287-295.

Guskiewicz KM, Bruce SL, Cantu RC, Ferrara MS, Kelly JP, McCrea M, Putukian M, Valovich McLeod TC. National Athletic Trainers’ Association Pronouncement Committee: Position Statement on Sport-Related Concussion. Journal of Athletic Training. 2004:39(3): 280-297.

Susco TM, Valovich McLeod TC, Shultz SJ, Gansneder BM. Balance recovers within 20-minutes following exertion as measured by the Balance Error Scoring System. Journal of Athletic Training. 2004:39(3): 241-246.

McLoughlin, TJ, Snyder, AR, Brolinson, PG, Pizza, FX. Sensory level electrical muscle stimulation: effect on markers of muscle injury. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2004; 38(6): 725-729

Wilkins JC, Valovich McLeod TC, Perrin DH, Gansneder BM. Performance on the Balance Error Scoring System Decreases Following Fatigue. Journal of Athletic Training. 2004;39(2):156-161

Drouin JM, Valovich McLeod TC, Shultz SJ, Perrin DH, Gansneder BM. Reliability and validity of the Biodexä System 3 Pro Isokinetic Dynamometer velocity, torque and position measurements. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2004;91(1):22-29.

Valovich TC, Perrin DH, Gansneder BM. Repeat administration elicits a practice effect with the Balance Error Scoring System, but not the Standardized Assessment of Concussion in high school athletes. Journal of Athletic Training. 2003;38:51-56

Borsa PA, Timmons MK, Sauers EL. Patterns of Scapular Positioning During Humeral Elevation in Nonimpaired Shoulders. Journal of Athletic Training. . 2003;38:12-17.

Kotelnicki JJ, McFarland EG, Sauers EL, Nunn S, Dawson CA. Shoulder Instability: An Overview of Arthroscopic Shoulder Thermal Capsulorrhaphy for the Treatment of Shoulder Instability. Surgical Physician Assistant. 2003;9(2):11-20.

Recent Abstract Presentations

Payne JP, Bosch PR, Kingma JJ. Stable Diurnal Cortisol Patterns in NJCAA
Division II Collegiate Female Basketball Players Throughout a Competitive
Basketball Season. [Submitted to NATA Annual Meeting, June 2007]

Snyder AR, Gribble GA, Nolan KJ, Yeasting RA, Armstrong CW. The relationship of stretching distance and hip angle following static and ballistic stretching. Accepted: National Athletic Trainers’ Association Annual Symposium, 2006.

Valovich McLeod TC, Heil J, McVeigh SD, Bay RC. Identification of Sport and Recreational Activity Concussion History Through the Pre-Participation Screening and a Symptom Survey in Young Athletes. Journal of Athletic Training. 2006;41(2):S-91.

Malone C, Sauers EL, Valovich McLeod TC. Stiffness and laxity of the medial collateral ligament with and without knee bracing. Journal of Athletic Training. 2006;41(2):S-90.

Kingma JJ, Livingston J, Valovich McLeod TC. Inter and intratester reliability of the ImageJ software program for the analysis of hamstring range of motion. Journal of Athletic Training. 2006;41(2):S-18.

Valovich McLeod TC, Mailer BJ, Bay RC. Healthy Youth are Reliable in Reporting Symptoms on a Graded Symptom Scale. Proceedings of the 22nd Annual RMATA Meeting and Clinical Symposia, Salt Lake City, Utah, April 2006.

Sauers EL, Crawford SD, Valovich McLeod TC. Reliability of the LigMasterTM Computerized-Stress Device for Measuring Glenohumeral Joint Laxity and Stiffness in Baseball Pitchers. Journal of Athletic Training. 2005;40(2):S-21

Hackett GS, Valovich McLeod TC. Lower extremity reflexive neuromuscular characteristics are not altered during a drop landing with a ball catch. Journal of Athletic Training. 2005;40(2):S-57.

Valovich McLeod TC, Schwartz CD, McGaugh JW. Youth sports coaches require edcation to recognize signs and symptoms of sport-related concussion. Proceedings of the 21st Annual RMATA Clinical Symposium and Business Meeting, Phoenix, Arizona; April 21-24, 2005.

McGaugh JW, Valovich McLeod TC, Bay C. Youth Sports Coaches Do Not Have Adequate Knowledge Regarding First-Aid and Injury Prevention. Proceedings of the 21st Annual RMATA Clinical Symposium and Business Meeting, Phoenix, Arizona; April 21-24, 2005.

Hummel TI, Valovich McLeod TC. Static and dynamic balance performance does not differ by gender. Proceedings of the 21st Annual RMATA Clinical Symposium and Business Meeting, Phoenix, Arizona; April 21-24, 2005.

Tommasone BA, Valovich McLeod TC, Wendel OT. A Survey of concussion assessment and management practices of Arizona high school certified athletic trainers. Proceedings of the 21st Annual RMATA Clinical Symposium and Business Meeting, Phoenix, Arizona; April 21-24, 2005.

Tafoya J, Valovich McLeod TC, Sauers JL. Core strength increases following an 8-week neuromuscular training program in high school female basketball players. Proceedings of the 21st Annual RMATA Clinical Symposium and Business Meeting, Phoenix, Arizona; April 21-24, 2005.

Valovich McLeod TC, Barr WB. A-priori factor analysis of neuropsychological assessment scores in youth athletes. Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Neurotrauma and Sports Medicine Review, Orlando, Florida; March 11-13 2005

Schwartz CD, Valovich McLeod TC, McGaugh JW. Youth sports coaches require edcation to recognize signs and symptoms of sport-related concussion. Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Neurotrauma and Sports Medicine Review, Orlando, Florida; March 11-13 2005

Docherty CL, Valovich McLeod TC, Fox J, Shultz SJ. Postural control deficits in participants with functional ankle instability as measured by the Balance Error Scoring System. The 2nd International Ankle Symposium, Newark, DE; October 2004

Nelson VR, Multer CE, Snyder AR. The immediate effects of resistance training on athletic performance in softball players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 36(5), S167, 2004.

Shultz SJ, Windley TC, Kulas AS, Schmitz RJ, Valovich McLeod TC, Perrin DH. Within and between test measurement consistency obtained from a custom reflex testing device. Journal of Athletic Training. 2004;39(2 Supplement): S-116.

Robinson KK, Potenziano B, McClean RF, Valovich McLeod TC. Neck pain in a professional baseball pitcher. Journal of Athletic Training. 2004;39(2 Supplement): S-75.

Crawford SD, Sauers JL, Dersam PM, Valovich McLeod TC. Recurrent patellar instability in an adolescent female athlete. 2004; Journal of Athletic Training. 39(2 Supplement): S-67.

Johnson MP, van den Heuvel VA, Sauers EL. Reliability of a classification protocol for the assessment of scapular motion in patients with shoulder pathology. 1st International Congress of Shoulder Therapists, May 2-5, 2004, Washington, DC.

Sauers EL, Koh JL, Keuter G. Scapular and glenohumeral motion in professional baseball players: effects of position and arm dominance. Arthroscopy Association of North America 2004 Annual Meeting, April, 22-25, Orlando, FL, E-80.

Research Grants and Awards

Valovich McLeod TC: Principal Investigator
Title: “Heads Up! The Usage of Digital Diagnosis Tools for Sideline Concussion Assessment in the Youth Athlete.
Funding Agency: Catholic Healthcare West
Budget Requested: $14,330 Status: Approved for full funding

Snyder AR, Valovich McLeod TC: Principal Investigators
Parsons JT, Bay RC, Sauers EL: Co-investigators
Title: Health Related Quality of Life in Adolescents with Sport-Related Musculoskeletal Injury.
Funding Agency: A.T. Still University Strategic Research Initiative
Budget Requested: $62,794 Status: Approved for $24,214 + 2 year post-doctoral fellow @ $36,000 per year.

Snyder AR: Principal Investigator
Title: Outcomes Research in Athletic Training
Funding Agency: NATA Research and Education Foundation Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship
Budget Requested: $71,457 Status: Approved for full funding

Strasser KM and Valovich McLeod TC: (Faculty Advisor)
Title: The Effect of Two a Day Practices on Cognitive Function in Collegiate Football Athletes.
Funding Agency: National Athletic Trainers’ Association Research and Education Master’s Grant Program
Budget Requested: $810 Status: Approved for full funding

Simmons E, Principal Investigator; Sauers EL, Bay C, & Kronenfeld M. Co-Investigators
Title: Conservative vs. operative intervention for atraumatic Glenohumeral instability in the overhead athlete: A systematic review
Funding Agency: NATA - Research and Education Foundation Osternig Masters Grant
Budget Requested: $620 Status: Approved for full funding

Payne JR, Principal Investigator; Kingma JJ amd Bosch PR Co-Investigators
Title: Stable diurnal cortisol patterns in MJCAA division II collegiate
female basketball players throughout a competitive basketball season
Funding Agency: NATA - Research and Education Foundation Osternig Masters
Grant
Budget Requested: $1000 Status: Approved for full funding

Valovich McLeod TC: Principal Investigator
Title: A prospective investigation of concussion education, assessment, and outcomes in a pediatric athletic population.
Funding Agency: National Operating Committee for Standards on Athletic Equipment
Budget Requested: $59,950 Status: Not funded

Miller AA and Snyder AR: (Faculty Advisor)
Title: The Influence of Static Stretching and Massage on Hip Flexion Range of Motion
Funding Agency: NATA Research and Education Foundation Osternig Masters Grant
Budget Requested: $1,000 Status: Not funded

Valovich McLeod TC: Co-investigator
Title: A Case Study Series of the Effects of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy in Children With Hemiplegia
Funding Agency: Warner / Fermaturo and KCOM Board of Trustees, July 2005-2007, Budget Requested: $3,966.95 Status: Approved for full funding

Sauers EL and Valovich McLeod TC: Co-Directors
Title: Implementation, Evaluation, and Refinement of the Dwight Patterson Sports Academy P.L.A.Y.S. Curriculum to Promote Health, Safety, and Wellness in America’s Youth Sports
Funding Agency: Mesa HoHoKam Foundation
Budget Requested: $20,000 Status: Approved for $15,000 funding

Valovich McLeod TC and Schwartz C.
Title: Arizona School of Health Sciences Youth Sports Coaches’ Concussion Survey and Educational Program.
Funding Agency: Phoenix Coyotes Charities
Budget Requested: $985 Status: Approved for full funding

Sauers EL and Valovich TC: Co-Directors
Title: Design and Development of the Dwight Patterson Sports Academy P.L.A.Y.S. Curriculum to Promote Health, Safety, and Wellness in America’s Youth Sports.
Funding Agency: Mesa HoHoKam Foundation
Budget Requested: $25,000 Status: Approved for $20,000 funding

Valovich TC: Principal Investigator
Title: Gender Differences in Neuromuscular Response Characteristics Between Prepubescent Boys and Girls Following a Perturbation at the Knee..
Funding Agency: Warner / Fermaturo and KCOM Board of Trustees Research Fund
Budget Requested: $3,985 Status: Approved for full funding

Kingma J and VanderBunt E: Co-Investigators
Title: The Prevalence of Secondary Amenorrhea Among NCAA Division I Intercollegiate Female Athletes
Funding Agency: Warner / Fermaturo and KCOM Board of Trustees Research Fund
Budget Requested: $3,200 Status: Approved for full funding

Sauers EL: Principle Investigator
Title: Acute and chronic adaptations in the throwing shoulder of professional baseball pitchers with implications concerning injury
Funding Agency: NATA – Research and Education Foundation
Budget Requested: $40,330 Status: Approved for full funding

Sauers EL and Johnson MP: Co-Investigators
Title: Kinematics of the shoulder complex in the professional baseball pitcher at rest and following five throwing intervals.
Funding Agency: University of the Sciences in Philadelphia College of Graduate Studies Scholarly Activity Fund
Budget Requested: $4,948 Status: Approved for full funding

Sauers EL: Principle Investigator
Title: Acute and chronic adaptations in the throwing shoulder of collegiate baseball pitchers with implications concerning injury
Funding Agency: Warner / Fermaturo and KCOM Board of Trustees Research Fund
Budget Requested: $3,932 Status: Approved for full funding

Research Links

American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons - http://www.aaos.org/
American College of Sports Medicine - http://www.acsm.org/
American Journal of Sports Medicine - http://ajs.sagepub.com/
American Orthoapaedic Society for Sports Medicine - http://www.sportsmed.org/
American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons - http://www.ases-assn.org/
American Sports Medicine Institute - http://www.asmi.org/
Brain Injury Association - www.biausa.org/
Cincinnati Sportsmedicine Research and Education Foundation - http://www.cincinnatisportsmed.com/
Journal of Athletic Training - http://www.journalofathletictraining.org/
NATA-Research and Education Foundation - http://www.natafoundation.org/
National Institutes of Health - http://www.nih.gov/
National Library of Medicine - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/
National Science Foundation - http://www.nsf.gov/
Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation - http://www.oref.org/
PUB-MED - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=PubMed
The Aircast Foundation - http://www.aircastfoundation.org/
The Shoulder Source - http://www.orthop.washington.edu/uw/tabID__3351/Default.aspx