Arthropod Vector
|
Disease
|
Disease Agent
|
Method of Human Exposure
|
| Arachnida |
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Mite: Leptotrombidium sp. (red mites)
|
Scrub Typhus (Tsutsugamushi disease)
|
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi
(bacteria, intracellular)
|
Bite of larval mite
|
|
Mite: Liponyssiodes sanguineus (mouse mite)
|
Rickettsial pox
|
Rickettsia akari
(bacteria)
|
Bite of mite
|
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Tick: Dermacentor sp.
|
Tularemia
|
Francisella tularensis
(Gram negative bacteria)
|
Bite of tick
|
|
Tick: Dermacentor sp. and other Ixodid ticks
|
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
|
Rickettsia rickettsia
(bacteria)
|
Bite of tick
|
|
Tick: Ornithodoros sp.
|
Endemic Relapsing Fever
|
Borrelia sp.
(bacteria, spiral shaped)
|
Bite of tick
|
|
Tick: Ixodes sp.
|
Babesiosis
|
Babesia microti
(parasite, protozoan)
|
Bite of tick
|
|
Tick: Ixodes sp.
|
Lyme disease
|
Borrelia burgdorferi
(bacteria, spiral shape)
|
Bite of tick
|
|
Tick: Dermacentor variabilis, Amyblyomma americanum
|
Ehrlichiosis, Sennetsu fever
|
Ehrlichia canis
E. sennetsu
E. chaffeensis
E. equi
E. phagocytophilia
(bacteria, intracellular)
|
Bite of tick
|
|
Tick: Dermacentor sp.
|
Colorado Tick Fever
|
CTF virus, Eyach virus, or strain S6-14-03 (Reoviridae)
|
Bite of tick
|
|
Tick: Amyblyomma americanum |
No name for disease yet; only two reported cases; fever, fatigue, diarrhea, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia |
Heartland Virus; a phlebovirus |
Bite of tick |
|
Tick:
|
Russian Spring-Summer Encephalitis, Louping Ill Encephalitis, Langat
Encephalitis, Powassan Encephalitis, Omsk hemorrhagic fever
|
Russian Spring-Summer Encephalitis, Louping Ill Encephalitis, Langat
virus, Powassan virus, Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (Flaviviridae)
|
Bite of tick
|
|
Tick:
|
Nairobi Sheep fever, Crimean hemorrhagic fever
|
Nairobi sheep disease virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
(Bunyaviridae)
|
Bite of tick
|
Tick |
Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (China) |
Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV; Phlebovirus) |
Bite of tick |
| Crustacea |
|
|
|
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Copepod: Cyclops sp.
|
Diphyllobothriasis, fish tapeworm
|
Diphyllobothrium latum
(parasite, cestode, tapeworm)
|
Arthropod is 1st intermediate host then man swallows infected fish
|
|
Copepod: Cyclops sp.
|
Sparganosis
|
Diphyllobothrium spirometra
(parasite, cestode, tapeworm)
|
Man swallows infected Cyclops.
|
|
Copepod: Cyclops sp.
|
Dracunculosis
|
Dracunculus medinensis
|
Man swallows infected Cyclops.
|
|
Crabs, crayfish: various freshwater species
|
Paragonimiasis
|
Paragonimus westermani
|
Man eats infected crustacean.
|
| Insecta |
|
|
|
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Lice: Pediculus humanus
|
Epidemic typhus
|
Rickettsia prowazekii
(bacteria)
|
"Bite," contaminated by louse feces or crushing louse on skin
|
|
Lice: Pediculus humanus
|
Trench fever, bacillary angiomatosis, bacillary peliosis
|
Bartonella quintana
(Gram negative bacteria)
|
"Bite," contaminated by louse feces or crushing louse on skin
|
|
Lice: Pediculus humanus
|
Louse-borne relapsing fever or epidemic relapsing fever
|
Borrelia recurrentis
(bacteria; spiral shape)
|
"Bite," contaminated by louse feces or crushing louse on skin
|
|
Flea: Xenopsylla cheopis, and various other rodent
fleas
|
Plague
|
Yersina pestis
(Gram negative rod shaped bacteria)
|
"Bite" and feces of flea
|
|
Flea: Xenopsylla cheopis
|
Murine typhus
|
Rickettsia typhi
(bacteria)
|
"Bite" and feces of flea
|
|
Flea: Xenopsylla cheopis, and various other rodent
fleas
|
Rat tapeworm infection
|
Hymenolepsis diminuta
(parasite; cestode; tapeworm)
|
Swallowing infected flea
|
|
Flea: various species
|
Dog tapeworm infection, Dipylidiasis
|
Diphylidium caninum
(parasite; cestode; tapeworm)
|
Swallowing infected flea
|
Bug: Triatoma species, Panstrongylus sps
(Kissing assassin bug, Reduvid bug)
|
Chaga's disease
|
Trypanosoma cruzi
(parasite; protozoan)
|
Rubbing infected feces on mucous membranes or skin
|
|
Beetles: flour beetle
|
Hymenolepsis
|
Hymenolepsis nana
(parasite; tapeworm; cestode)
|
Swallowing infected beetle
|
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Fly, gnat: Glossina sp. (tsetse fly)
|
African trypanosomiasis, African sleeping sickness
|
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and T.b. gambiense
|
Bite of infected fly
|
Fly, gnat: Simulium sp.
(black fly)
|
Onchocerciasis, River blindness
|
Onchocerca volvulus
(parasite; round worm; nematode)
|
Bite of infected fly
|
|
Fly, gnat: Chrysops sp.
|
Tularemia
|
Francisella tularensis
(Gram negative rod shaped bacteria)
|
Bite of infected fly
|
|
Fly, gnat: Phlebotomus sp., Lutzomyia sp.
(sandflies)
|
Leishmaniasis
|
Leishmania donovani (Visceral, dumdum fever, kala-azar),
L.
tropica (cutaneous; oriental sore, Delphi boil), L. braziliensis
(mucocutaneous; espundia, american leishmaniasis, chiclero ulcer)
(parasite; protozoan)
|
Bite of infected fly
|
|
Fly, gnat: Phlebotomus sp. (sandfly in Peru, Ecuador
and Columbia)
|
Bartonellosis, Oroya fever, Carrion's disease
|
Bartonella bacilliformis
(Gram negative bacteria)
|
Bite of infected fly
|
|
Fly, gnat: Chrysops sp. (mango flies)
|
Loaiasis, Eye worm
|
Loa loa
(parasite; nematode; roundworm)
|
Bite of infected fly
|
|
Fly, gnat: sandfly
|
Sandfly fever, Rift Valley fever
|
Sandfly fever Naples virus, Sandfly fever Sicilian virus, Rift
valley fever virus(Bunyaviridae)
|
Bite of infected fly
|
|
Mosquito: Anopheles sp.
|
Malaria
|
Plasmodium falciparum, P. malariae, P. vivax, P. ovale
(parasite; protozoan)
|
Bite of infected mosquito
|
|
Mosquito: various species
|
Bancroftian filariasis, filarial Elephantiasis
|
Wuchereria bancrofti
(parasite; nematode; roundworm)
|
Bite of infected mosquito
|
|
Mosquito: various species
|
Malayan filariasis, filarial Elephantiasis
|
Brugia malayi
(parasite; nematode; roundworm)
|
Bite of infected mosquito
|
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Mosquito: various species
|
Dirofilariasis
|
Dirofilaria immitis
(parasite; nematode; roundworm)
|
Bite of infected mosquito
|
|
Mosquito: Aedes aegypti
|
Yellow fever
|
Yellow fever virus
(Flaviviridae)
|
Bite of infected mosquito
|
|
Mosquito: Aedes sp.
|
Dengue fever, Break Bone fever
|
Dengue fever virus
(Flaviviridae)
|
Bite of infected mosquito
|
|
Mosquito: Culiseta melanura, Coquillettidia pertubans,
Aedes vexans
|
Eastern Equine encephalitis
|
Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus
(Togaviridae)
|
Bite of infected mosquito
|
|
Mosquito: Aedes triseriatus
|
La Crosse encephalitis
|
La Crosse Encephalitis virus
(Bunyaviridae)
|
Bite of infected mosquito
|
|
Mosquito: Culex sp.
|
St. Louis encephalitis
|
St. Louis Encephalitis virus
(Flaviviridae)
|
Bite of infected mosquito
|
|
Mosquito: Culex sp., Culex tarsalis
|
Venezualan equine encephalitis, Western equine encephalitis
|
Venezualan Equine Encephalitis virus, Western Equine Enchephalitis
virus
(Togaviridae)
|
Bite of infected mosquito
|
|
Mosquito
|
Chikungunya forest fever
|
Chikungunya virus, Mayaro fever, Mucambo fever, O'Nyong-Nyong fever,
Pixuna fever, Ross River fever (Togaviridae)
|
"
|
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Mosquito
|
fevers and encephalitis
|
Nile fever, Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile fever, Zika
fever, Wesselsbron fever, Kyasanur forest disease virus (Flaviviridae)
|
"
|
|
Mosquito
|
fevers and encephalitis
|
Oropouche virus, Bunyamwera, Bwamba fever, Guama fever, Oropouche
fever, California Enchephalitis virus (Bunyaviridae)
|
"
|
|
Mosquito
|
fevers
|
Chandipura fever, Piry fever (Rhabdoviridae)
|
"
|
Mosquito
(Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus) |
fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis (red eyes),
infection during pregnancy can cause a serious birth defect called microcephaly, as well as other severe fetal brain defects. |
Zika virus (Flaviviridae) |
" |